{"id":190,"date":"2022-10-16T09:18:45","date_gmt":"2022-10-16T09:18:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shahabarman.ir\/?p=190"},"modified":"2022-10-16T09:18:49","modified_gmt":"2022-10-16T09:18:49","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shahabarman.ir\/?p=190","title":{"rendered":"<strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong><strong><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/iran-mavad.com\/\u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647-\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cc 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\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0635\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 1150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c0 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 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\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06c0 <strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06c0 <strong>High-Silica (<\/strong><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>High-Alkali (<\/strong><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc 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\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c0 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 PbO \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06c0 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631<\/li><li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc<\/li><li>\u0633\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/li><li>\u0633\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 <\/strong><strong>Vitrification<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc (\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641) \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <strong>\u0647\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0634\u06cc<\/strong><strong> (fusion)<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06c0 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647-\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06c0 \u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0632 A \u062a\u0627 B \u062e\u0646\u06a9 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c0 C \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06c0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0646\u06a9 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c &nbsp;\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc T<sub>f<\/sub> \u0631\u062e \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u062f (Supercooled) \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637 BE \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 E \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 T<sub>g<\/sub> \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"467\" src=\"https:\/\/shahabarman.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shahabarman.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631.jpg 500w, https:\/\/shahabarman.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631-300x280.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u064f\u0633\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06c0 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u06af\u0646\u0632\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062a (Matte glazes) \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c0 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/iran-mavad.com\/\u0642\u0644\u0639-\u0648-\u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0622\u0646.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0642\u0644\u0639<\/a> \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0622\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646 (aventurine) \u0648 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 SnO \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646 1200 \u062a\u0627 1400 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c0 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u06af\u0650\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0634\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc (Bone-China) \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc (Bone-Porcelain) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06c0 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u067e\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06c0 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc 1200 \u062a\u0627 1250 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c0 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0646\u06c0 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 (Flow) \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645. &nbsp;\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u06c0 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc\u0650 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06c0 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06c0 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc 1100 \u062a\u0627 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c0 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06c0 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 B<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> \u06cc\u0627 ZnO \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 <\/strong>\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06c0 900 \u062a\u0627 1063 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c0 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0645<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 48 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0686\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062f\u06cc\u0645 (t.p.p.Na)<\/li><li>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f (C.M.C)<\/li><li>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 (\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 <strong>\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062a<\/strong><strong> (Frit)<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 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\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06c0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06c0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u06c0 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0628 \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u062a 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\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc (\u0646\u0645\u06a9\u06cc)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/strong><strong> (Deposit) <\/strong>\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u062f\u0633\u067e\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0644\u062f\u0633\u067e\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0622\u0647\u06a9\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0636\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u062f\u0633\u067e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06a9<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u062f\u0633\u067e\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0633\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (Brightness) \u06a9\u0645 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06c0 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u062e\u062a (\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af)\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc 1250 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc (Earthenware) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0646\u0645\u0627 (stoneware) \u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06c0 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u062a\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06cc \u200c\u0631\u0646\u06af (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 &nbsp;\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0633 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0622\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0633 (Cu<sub>2<\/sub>O)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0632\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0647\u0646 (FeO) \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645 (Cr<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0632\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u06cc (\u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc) \u0648 \u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u062f\u0631<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0634 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0630\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc 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